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Hodnocení stavu a vývoje sukcese po lesním požáru na kalamitní holině v revíru Janov, LS Jeseník – Lesy ČR, s. p.
Kmínková, Michaela
This bachelor's thesis concern with the investigation of the state and development of the secondary succession after the forest fire, which occurred in 2018 on a calamitous clearcut in the area of Janov, LS Jeseník - LČR, s. p. with a size of 6.75 ha. The assessment method was to evaluate the data from the field survey on 5 test plots, where I determined the type of tree species and forest regeneration, given dendrometric parameters - height and accrue, representation of the tree floor, I also evaluated the damage of regeneration and the development of unwanted vegetation. These values were measured in circular plots with a number in the range of 25 – 33. The plots were located both at the site of the fire and outside of it, with and without fencing. Aspen (Populus tremula L.) was the most numerous tree species in the area under investigation, with the largest presence in the area of the fire with fencing. With the greatest increase in height, the willow (Salix caprea L.) dominated here. The most frequently occurring damage was bite and frost damage occurring on the fireground outside the fence. Therefore, fencing proved to be an effective protection against game in this locality. The area outside the fence and the fireground was covered the most with unwanted plants.
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Species traits determining species composition on abandoned fields
Jarošíková, Cecílie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...
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Restoration of plant communities after eradication of invasive Reynoutria species
Mártonová, Marie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Berchová, Kateřina (referee)
Reynoutria spp. rank among highly invasive taxa in the Czech Republic. Therefore, a considerable effort is focused on its eradication. This is usually done by application of non- selective herbicide based on glyphosate. However, only little is known about the spontaneous recovery of the native vegetation after the eradication, as well as whether the restoration can be facilitated by additional management. In my master thesis I (i) describe the process of restoration after Reynoutria spp. eradication, (ii) evaluate the influence of factors which could potentially inhibit the succession (such as glyphosate, allelopathy, changes in soil conditions due to Reynoutria spp. invasion), and (iii) evaluate the influence of native-species seed addition on establishment of target plant communities. The process of vegetation recovery was followed on 17 sites in a forest and in ruderal forest-free area from 2007 to 2010. Over the three years of the study, the sites in the forest- free area were covered by diverse vegetation, secondary succession on sites in a forest progressed more slowly. Any soil changes were detected. The process of succession was limited probably because a dead biomass was left on the sites after the eradication. The seed addition was also not crucial for the restoration of plant communitites.
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Vegetation succession on fallows in Podyjí National Park - small-area management of abandoned sites
Entová, Martina ; Fabšičová, Martina (advisor) ; Karlík, Petr (referee)
The main aim of the thesis was to describe the succession of several abandoned fields under ploughing and discuss ploughing as a possible management for establishing and maintaining species-rich communities of fallows. Actual vegetation, its development over time and soil seed bank were studied. Experimental small-area ploughing was established at five abandoned fields in the southeastern part of the Podyjí National Park. Three strips with different types of management were founded: A) strip ploughed each year, B) strip ploughed once at the beginning of the experiment, C) control meadow without intervention. Vegetation development was evaluated through a series of relèves recorded during the years 2009-2012. The species composition of the seed bank was described using the seedling-emergence method and subsequent elutriation of soil samples. Similarity indexes, Longevity index (LI) and concept of RCS strategies were used. The vegetation of each-year plowed sites (A) consisted mostly of annual weeds and ruderal species with R-strategy and high LI. Grassland vegetation (C) consisted mostly of grasses and perennial herbs with C-strategy and lower LI. The vegetation of older fallows (B) was at first most similar to one-year fallow (A), but during the 4 years of succession has moved closer to the meadow...
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Vegetation dynamics on fallows
Entová, Martina ; Fabšičová, Martina (advisor) ; Procházka, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis is concerned with problems of abandoned fields. Fields are very important ecosystem for mankind. Abandonment of agricultural land and formation of fallows happend in last decades. Social and political changes can be the reason of fields abandonment as well as economical changes or changes in ecological conditions. The fallows are good model for secondary succession studies, but they can have many other funcitons in a land. Succession doesn't always proceeded in the same way, it can be affected for example by historical land use, species pool or environmental factors. Permanent plots or space for time substitution can be used for succession research. The rich reserve of seeds in the seed bank is typical for fallows. That can be described by several methods: elutriation, cloth bag, flotation or seedling emergence. Many scientists from the Czech Republic and also from all over the world are interested in fallow research. My MSc. thesis is presented at the end of this bachelor thesis. The comparison of actual vegetation and the soil seed bank of fallows in Podyjí National Park will be the aim of this work. Usage of ploughing as a possible management for creation and preservation of a rich fallow associations will be studied.
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Plán péče o soukromou rezervaci Greenfields v Nikaragui
Kopták, Filip
The care plan is an integral part of each specially protected area. For the reserve Reserva Silvestre Privada Greenfields has not yet been similar to a conceptual document created. Based on the collection of collected data from a comprehensive inventory with FieldMap® technology, it was possible to process this expert conceptual document. The inventory was carried out on 41 representative circular experimental areas in the herb part of the reserve with a total area of 187,88 hectares to obtain the necessary information on the measured higher vascular plants for botanical and dendrometric results. The document serves as a basis for drafting measures on nature conservation and for the development of agroforestry plans.
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Regenerační schopnost Acacia saligna a sekundární sukcese dřevin na odlesněných svazích okolí jezera Awassa (Etiopie, SNNPR)
Hofmann, Radek
The content of this thesis is to determine the current state of secondary succession of trees in the southwestern part of Ethiopia, in the surroundings of Lake Awassa, on the slopes of Kebele (the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia) Umbullo Kajima and implementation of the coppicing experiment of the species Acacia saligna. After the elaboration of the methodology, the research of both parts of the work was carried out. The field research itself has been running since 17. 7. 2016 to 08. 08. 2016. In the research section focused on secondary succession, the occurrence of native species and the successful extension of plantations from the past project years were found. For Acacia saligna was confirmed coppicing ability.
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Hodnocení stavu a vývoje přirozené obnovy na kalamitní ploše v NPR Vývěry Punkvy
Chaloupková, Marie
Forest territory of third vegetation forest zone of NNR Vývěry Punkvy got hit in 2010 by windstorm Antonín. This windstorm created clear-felled area of approximately 2.68 hectares on which was established permanent research area of 0.2 hectares in 2012 in order to study secondary succession. In 2013-2015 there was regular monitoring of trees on research(mapped out) area and also there were done analyzes on influences of parental stand, stand structure of whole clear-felled area, age and spatial distribution of natural regeneration. Performed analyzes found raid on clear-felled area was present even before the wind disturbancy. Nevertheless there was an increase of seedlings after the windstorm too. The oldest trees on the area are 8 years old and youngest are 2 years old. Rather target trees are regenerated than pioneer ones. Mainly it is ash (Fraxinus excelsior) than it is hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) and 14 other tree species. Ash exceeds significantly other tree species in quantity. Though natural regeneration of fir and oak is missing. Tree species are successfully gaining height eventhough it gets damaged by wildlife. Structure of regeneration on the area is diverse and spotty-depending on site conditions.
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The effect of past land-use on species diversity
Hubáčková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Chýlová, Tereza (referee)
This thesis is review of scientific studies on the effect of past land-use on species diversity. The aim of the thesis is to summarise knowledge of past land-use changes and their impact on plant communities and species diversity of grasslands. Those are mostly affected by human activities and have been used already for more than 8 000 years. In recent time, the agriculture has intensified, the main production is concentrated and marginal areas are abandoned. Many studies focus on spontaneous succession on these abandoned areas and the relationship between species diversity and past land-use. Their results suggest that current vegetation composition is mostly determined by habitat continuity rather than by recent land-use. In the last part of the thesis, I introduce the area of White Carpathian Mountains where my future research will be held. Key words: seminatural grasslands, historical management, biodiversity, past land-use changes, secondary succession
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Phytodiversity in old fields of different age and management history on agricultural land adjacent to Czech villages in Romanian Banat area
Veselý, Adam ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Tichý, Tomáš (referee)
The main aim of this thesis was to identify the main factors influencing development and diversity of vegetation on old fields around village Svatá Helena in Romania. I evaluated the influence of age of an old field, its management (mowing, pasture, burning and fallowing), soil chemical properties, topography and surrounding vegetation. Using phytosociological relevés I collected data about species composition and coverage of species of the old field vegetation. With the assistance of local inhabitants I found out the age of the old fields and the type of applied management. I performed chemical analysis of soil properties, determined amount of available phosphorus, total carbon and nitrogen and pH. I also performed floristic survey of surrounding vegetation. The data showed a unimodal trend in plant diversity during succession. The maximal diversity was recorded on 12 years old old fields. The diversity was also influenced by C/N ratio of soils. Growing C/N ratio had a negative effect on plant diversity. Analysis also showed some interesting connections between soil properties and topographic factors. Organic C and N in soils were rising with age of old field, rate of accumulation is higher on slopes. The results showed that soil chemical properties have the highest influence on species...
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